Classification of Dams based on materials used for construction

Based on materials used dams are classified as

1.     Rigid.

2.     Non Rigid.

Rigid dams: Rigid dams are constructed with materials like concrete,masonry,steel and timber. 

1.     Concrete gravity dam.

2.     Concrete Arch dam.

3.     Concrete buttress dam.

4.     Steel dam.

5.     Timber dam.

Non Rigid damsNon rigid dams are constructed are constructed with non rigid materials like soil and giant boulders.

1.     Earthen dam.

2.     Rockfill dam.

3.     Combined earth and rockfill dam.

Rigid dams:

1. Concrete gravity dam: A gravity dam is one which the external forces such as water pressure, wave pressure, silt pressure, uplift pressure are resisted by the weight of the dam itself.

                                                             Sardar sarovar dam,India.      
                                                        
2. Concrete arch dam: An arch dam is curved in plan and carries a major part of its load horizontally to the abutment by arch action.

                                                             Glen canyon dam,USA.
                                                               
3. Concrete buttress dam: A buttress dam consists of a number of buttresses or support at equal intervals throughout the span of dam.
                                                                    Roselend dam,France
                                                        
4. Steel dams: Steel dams are temporary structures used for construction of under water structures. These temporary structures provide dry working land for construction of structures.
Coffer dam. 

5. Cellular dams : Cellular dams are Interconnected cells, which provides dry working area for construction of under water structures.

                                                        Cellular dam.                                                    

6. Timber dams: The timber dams are used in slow flowing waterways to provide water for the small community.

Timber dam.

Non rigid dams:

1. Rock fill dam: Huge Boulders and loose rocks are piled up on river bed to construct  Rock fill dam.

   Coughar dam on McKnezie river,  USA.

2. Earthen dam: Clay, sand and locally available rocks are Compacted in layers. 

Trinity dam, California USA.

                                                            


 

 

 


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