1. What do you mean by hydrology ?
Hydrology is a science of water. Deals with the occurance, circulation and distribution of water of the earth and earth's atmosphere.
2. Name the components of hydrological cycle ?
The components of hydrological cycle are
- Precipitation.
- Infiltration.
- Runoff.
- Evaporation.
- Evapotranspiration.
- Transpiration.
- Ground water.
3. What is precipitation ? List the different forms of precipitation ?
The term precipitation denotes all forms of water that reach the earth from the atmosphere. The different forms of precipitation are
- Rain.
- Snow.
- Drizzle.
- Glaze.
- Sleet.
- Hail.
4. What are the weather systems for precipitation ?
The different weather systems for precipitation are listed below
- Front.
- Cyclone.
- Anticyclone.
- Convective precipitation.
- Orographic precipitation.
5. What are the different methods of recording of rainfall ?
Rain gauges are used to measure rainfall intensity and depth. Raingauges are classified into
- Non recording Raingauges.
- Symon's Raingauge.
- Indian meterological department Raingauge.
- Recording type Raingauges.
- Tipping-Bucket type.
- Weighing-Bucket type.
- Syphon type.
- Telemetering raingauges
- Recording gauges
6. What is Runoff ?
Flowing of precipitation from catchment area through a surface channel.
7. What do you mean by hydrograph ?
Hydrograph is a graph consists of discharge in a stream versus time. Types of hydrographs depending on time are annual, monthly, seasonal and flood hydrographs.
8. What is unit hydrograph ?
Hydrograph of direct runoff due to one unit depth ( 1 cm ) of rainfall occuring uniformly over the basin at a uniform rate for a duration of specified D hours.
9. Define effective rainfall ?
- Effective rainfall is that part of the rainfall that becomes direct runoff at the outlet of the water shed.
- Effective rainfall is neither retained on the land surface nor infiltrated into soil.
10. Define Evaporation
Evaporation is a process by which liquid changes to gaseous state at the free surface, below the boiling point through heat of energy.
11. Define infiltration
Infiltration is the flow of water into the ground through the soil surface.
12. What is evapotranspiration ? Name the methods for measurements ?
Evapotranspiration is the sum of water loss to the atmosphere by plants through transpiration and water evaporated from soil or water body surrounding the plants.The measurement of evapotranspiration for given type of vegetation is carried out using two methods namely
- Lysimeters.
- Field plots.
13. Define aquifer, aquitard, aquiclude and aquifuge ?
- Aquifer is a saturated formation of earth material which is not only stores water, but also yields sufficient quantity.
- Seepage is only possible in aquitard. Thus yield is insignificant in comparision with aquifer.It is partly permeable.
- Aquiclude is a geological formation. it is permeable and higly porous. Hence, it contains large amount of water.
- Aquifuge is a geological formation is neither impermeable nor porous.
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