This is the way to perform Analysis and Design of rectangular and circular columns using Staad.Pro software. (Part-1)

1. What is building column ?

1. A building column, also known as a structural column or simply a column, is a vertical structural element that provides support and stability to a building or structure. Columns are typically cylindrical or rectangular in shape and are designed to carry the load of the structure above them, including the weight of floors, walls, and roofs. They transfer these loads to the foundation or the ground, ensuring the stability and structural integrity of the building.
2. Columns are often made of materials such as concrete, steel, or composite materials like reinforced concrete. The size, shape, and material of the column depend on factors such as the height and size of the building, the loads it needs to support, and the design requirements.
3. Columns are strategically placed throughout the building to distribute the loads evenly and efficiently. In addition to their structural function, columns can also serve architectural purposes, adding aesthetic value to the building's design. They can be found in various types of buildings, including residential, commercial, and industrial structures.

2. What is long and short column ?

1. In structural engineering, the terms "long column" and "short column" refer to different types of columns based on their slenderness ratio. The slenderness ratio is the ratio of the effective length of a column to its least radius of gyration.
2. Long Column: A long column is a column in which the slenderness ratio exceeds a certain critical value. When a column is long, it is more susceptible to buckling, which is the sudden lateral deflection or failure due to compressive forces. Long columns are slender and have a relatively small cross-sectional area compared to their length. They are more prone to instability and require additional reinforcement or design considerations to resist buckling.
3. Short Column: A short column is a column in which the slenderness ratio is less than the critical value. Short columns are relatively stiffer and more resistant to buckling compared to long columns. They have a larger cross-sectional area compared to their length, which allows them to carry higher compressive loads without significant lateral deflection. Short columns are typically more compact and do not require additional reinforcement for buckling resistance.

3. What is long and short column as IS 456 2000 ?

1. IS: 456-2000 classifies a rectangular compression member as short when both the slenderness ratios (L ex/D) and (L ey/b) are less than 12. If any of these ratios is equal to more than 12, then it is termed as slender or long column.

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